Vehicular homicide, defined under K.S.A. 21-5406, applies when a driver causes a death through conduct that represents a material deviation from the standard of care expected of a reasonable person. This charge typically addresses behavior that exceeds ordinary negligence but falls short of gross recklessness. A conviction for this Class A misdemeanor carries a penalty of up to one year in county jail and fines reaching $2,500.

In contrast, involuntary manslaughter under K.S.A. 21-5405 requires proof of recklessness—a conscious disregard for a substantial and unjustifiable risk. This often includes incidents involving impaired driving or extreme speeds. Because this is classified as a felony, sentencing is determined by the Kansas Sentencing Guidelines, which factor in the specific severity of the offense and the defendant's prior criminal record. Factors such as toxicology reports, witness statements, and accident reconstruction data are central to how prosecutors determine which charge to pursue in any given case.